Yep, American Horror Story: Roanoke is officially the most insane season yet. Much of the veteran cast has returned, including Mother Monster herself, Lady Gaga. Using other people’s research or ideas without giving them due credit is plagiarism. Since BibMe ![]()
American Horror Story Season 6 Cast. A journey into hell . Inside they found filthy, overcrowded cells holding sick, thirsty prisoners, some with untreated injuries. The prison guards refused to open the door of the locked punishment wing, which reeked of vomit and faeces. So the visitors passed a camera in through a ventilation shaft. It came back with images of naked prisoners crowded into bare, unlit cells. ![]() ![]() Though the guards said the inmates were being held like this “temporarily” because of a planned jailbreak, they had been there for four days. The guards demanded the camera be handed over. When the council members refused, all six were detained. They were held for three hours before other state officials turned up and freed them. Such conditions are closer to the rule than the exception in Latin America’s jails. Compared with other parts of the world, the region locks up a larger—and rising—percentage of its population, though less than the United States (see chart). But few Latin American prisons fulfil their basic functions of punishing and rehabilitating criminals. Not only are prisoners frequently subjected to brutal treatment in conditions of mass overcrowding and extraordinary squalor, but many jails are also themselves run by criminal gangs. One result has been a recent rash of prison massacres and fires, some set deliberately. In Honduras a fire killed more than 3. Comayagua in February. In the same month in Mexico three dozen imprisoned members of the Zetas, a drug gang, murdered 4. Apodaca, near Monterrey, before escaping. Last month at least 2. Yare jail in Venezuela. The authorities later seized a small arsenal from prisoners, including assault rifles, sniper rifles, a machine- gun, hand- grenades and two mortars. A similar number died in a riot at El Rodeo, another Venezuelan prison, last year, which saw gang bosses hold out against thousands of national- guard troops for almost a month. A fire begun during a fight between inmates at San Miguel prison in Santiago, Chile’s capital, in December 2. Survivors said a group of inmates used a homemade flame- thrower, fashioned from a hosepipe and a gas canister, to set fire to a mattress barricade erected by a rival group in their barred cell. San Miguel was not a high- security jail, and the victims of the worst prison fire in Chile’s history were all serving sentences of five years or less, for crimes such as pirating DVDs and burglary. Just as deadly, though less headline- grabbing, is the quotidian tragedy of prison killings in the region. As of October 2, 2017, MyWay Email will be shut down. If you are a MyWay Email account holder, please log in and save all information you wish to save.![]() In Venezuela under President Hugo Ch. In other words, a Venezuelan is at least 2. Even prison governors are not immune: two have been murdered this year. In Mexico prison deaths have risen in tandem with the expansion of organised crime, from 1. Eduardo Guerrero, a security expert. Gangland penitentiaries. The main reason for the violence is that many jails are in practice run by gangs, which use them as refuges where they can organise further crimes on the outside. Many deaths result from clashes between rival gangs over the lucrative businesses of extorting money out of fellow inmates and trafficking drugs and weapons into jail. A prisoner pays for everything inside, including a place to sleep and even the right to live. In El Salvador’s jails mobile- phone SIM cards change hands for around $2. Miguel . Whereas relatives are submitted to humiliating strip searches at visiting time, it is no secret that the guns, drugs, mobile phones and other items that are available on the inside are trafficked by the national guard, which is responsible for perimeter security. In Mexico prisoners do what they please in some jails run by local governments. Last year police raided a prison in Acapulco to find 1. A few months earlier prisoners in a Sonora jail were found to be running a raffle for a luxury cell that they had equipped with air conditioning and a DVD player. In 2. 01. 0 it emerged that guards at a jail in Durango had allowed prisoners out at night to commit contract killings. Jail breaks have become increasingly common in Mexico. On September 1. 7th more than 1. Piedras Negras, close to the border with the United States. Earlier this month a gang leader vanished from Tocor. The PCC was founded at Taubat. Since then, the PCC has moved beyond prison walls into extortion, drug- running, prostitution and murder. In 2. 00. 6 it brought S. Kingpins behind bars co- ordinated riots in 7. The PCC now controls most of S. It has a policy of non- communication with guards, whom it calls “Germans” (meaning Nazis). Marcos Fuchs, a lawyer at Conectas, a human- rights group in S. To do otherwise risks retribution, in the form of what in prison argot is called “Gatorade” (cocaine, Viagra and water) poured down a prisoner’s throat at night, in quantities large enough to induce cardiac arrest. After gang control, the second systemic failing of Latin American jails is overcrowding and thus inhuman conditions. Brazil’s prisons, for example, held 5. United States, China and Russia—and around two- thirds more than its prisons were built for. In 1. 99. 0 there were just 9. Mr Fuchs has seen cells built for eight men holding 4. The report of a congressional inquiry into prison conditions, published in 2. After a doubling of its prison population in less than a decade, to three times its official capacity, El Salvador now has Latin America’s most overpopulated jails outside Haiti. Life inside is “a journey into hell,” says David Blanchard, a Catholic priest in San Salvador. He describes intolerable heat and damp. The church runs monthly missions to the jails to dispense toothpaste, shampoo and basic food supplies. Last year storms prompted an outbreak of scabies. The huddled masses. Prison- building rarely keeps up with the expansion of the prison population. In Venezuela, for example, Mr Ch. Built for 1,1. 00 prisoners, Santiago’s San Miguel jail held over 1,9. Honduras has about 1. Malcon Guzm. Budgets for running jails tend to be meagre. In Honduras 9. 7% of the prison budget goes on warders’ salaries and prisoners’ food, leaving very little to keep the prisons in sanitary and safe conditions. Even so, the government spends just 1. In many Latin American countries, prisons are staffed by police officers who do not regard this as a good career move and who are not professionally trained for the task, according to Andrew Coyle of the International Centre for Prison Studies at Essex University in Britain. There are a couple of other reasons for overcrowding. Torpid justice systems mean that many prisoners are on remand, yet to be convicted of any crime. Prison reformers in Venezuela say around 7. Sentenced prisoners, on the other hand, have been known to bribe their way to freedom. Around half of the inmates in both Brazil and Honduras have not been sentenced. Remand prisoners can languish for years, mixing with hardened gang members. The result is that jails are “schools of crime”, says Migdonia Ayestas of the Observatory of Violence, a Honduran NGO. Some prisons in Brazil are so chaotic that inmates are not released once their sentences are over. Other prisoners, such as Marcos Mariano da Silva, a mechanic arrested for murder in 1. He spent six years in jail in Pernambuco before the real culprit was arrested and he was released. Three years later he was stopped by traffic police who rearrested him as a fugitive. He spent 1. 3 more years in jail, contracting tuberculosis. He died last year, hours after hearing that the state government had lost its appeal against paying him compensation. The second reason for overcrowding is draconian public and official attitudes to crime. In El Salvador, public support for mano dura (“iron fist”) has filled the jails, mainly with members of youth gangs whose only crime may be sporting a tattoo. Now even temporary holding cells, which have no budget for food, are full. In Brazil judges routinely jail those accused of drug offences, which are exploding in number. In 2. 00. 5 a tenth of those in prison were there because of drugs offences; now it is a quarter. Most of the prisoners he sees in Para. In an opinion poll in 2. Poor and black Brazilians are as likely to be hard- line as rich, white ones are, even though they are far more likely to be put behind bars themselves. In Brazil the prison population is overwhelmingly ill- educated (two- thirds of prisoners did not finish primary school) and poor (9. Blacks are twice as likely as whites to be in jail (they form two- thirds of prisoners but only half of the population). On the other hand, public- sector workers, politicians, judges, priests and anyone with a degree cannot be held in a common prison while awaiting trial. That is one reason why pressure for prison reform has been so weak. New model prisons. Nevertheless, there are stirrings of change in Latin America. These have gone furthest in the Dominican Republic, which began to reform its prisons in 2. Nearly half its 3. These start with the recruitment of civilian staff, who have no ties to the army or police. Recruits go through a year’s training at a college which operates from a garish villa that once belonged to Rafael Trujillo, the country’s notorious former dictator. Prison directors earn up to $1,5. Prisons must be turned into schools to provide inmates with an education, says Roberto Santana, a former university rector who was director of the new prison system until last month. He made learning to read compulsory for prisoners, on pain of losing privileges, such as conjugal phone- calls and visits. At the Najayo women’s prison, where the walls display prisoners’ artwork and trophies won in inter- prison dominoes tournaments, 3. Prisoners are out of their cells between 7. Some of those not studying work in a bakery. After their release, the new system helps prisoners to find work. Mr Santana prevented overcrowding by controversially refusing to take prisoners if there is no room for them. He says this dissuades judges and prosecutors from jailing people without good reason.
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